{"id":115802,"date":"2026-07-06T02:56:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T00:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/?p=115802"},"modified":"2026-07-06T09:24:23","modified_gmt":"2026-07-06T07:24:23","slug":"when-brown-leaves-dont-mean-autumn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/en\/environment\/when-brown-leaves-dont-mean-autumn\/","title":{"rendered":"When brown leaves don&#8217;t mean Autumn"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Due to increasing heat and drought, forests are turning brown more and more often before autumn when leaf senescence normally occurs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is often unclear whether the trees are actively shedding foliage to avoid water transport breaking down, or whether browning leaves are a consequence of irreversible damage due to both heat and drought. As a result, the resilience of forests to climate extremes could be overestimated, WSL researchers warn in a recent commentary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Heat and drought are increasingly leading to premature leaf discolouration in forests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is unclear whether this is a controlled process or whether it is damage that is weakening the trees.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Studies should distinguish between these two processes; otherwise, inaccurate estimates of seasonal processes may lead to errors in climate models and an overestimation of forest resilience to climate extremes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Due to rising temperatures, droughts and heatwaves are increasing worldwide. As a result, deciduous trees are changing colour prematurely more and more often \u2013 in 2018, for example, beech trees in the Schaffhausen area already had brown crowns as early as mid-August. There are two possible causes for this: either it is an early autumn phenomenon, whereby the tree sheds its leaves in a controlled manner, or it is heat damage that destroys the leaf.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image \">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a class=\"lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/WSL_Blaetter-Herbst.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"822\" height=\"376\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/WSL_Blaetter-Herbst.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-115798\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/WSL_Blaetter-Herbst.jpg 822w, https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/WSL_Blaetter-Herbst-300x137.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/WSL_Blaetter-Herbst-768x351.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 822px) 100vw, 822px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">These oak leaves suffered heat and drought damage in an experiment using open climate chambers at the WSL. (Photo: Yann Vitasse) | Here, the oak tree withdraws nutrients from the leaf in a controlled manner during autumn. (Photo: Maxwell Bergstr\u00f6m)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">No nutrient recovery <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsl.ch\/en\/news\/when-brown-leaves-dont-mean-autumn\/#c1065122\"><\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Heat damage to the forest was so far unusual in our latitudes: in the case of the Schaffhausen beech trees during the summer 2018, even some forest ecologists believed that the trees were actively and deliberately changing the colour of their leaves. In that case, they would have \u2018saved\u2019 the nutrients in the leaves by mobilising them and drawing them back into the tissues \u2013 as they do every autumn during the leaf senescence process. However, many of the beech trees failed to sprout well the following year, meaning that they were clearly damaged.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assessing the length of the growing season and how it will change in the future is essential for predicting how forests will store carbon, regulate water, and provide other important ecosystem services. For this purpose, researchers are increasingly using remote sensing data, such as satellites products which measures the \u2018greenness\u2019 of the forests. However, current remote-sensing studies often do not distinguish between two very different processes: stress-induced leaf damage (&#8220;leaf scorching&#8221;), caused, for example, by drought or heatwaves, and the natural colour change that occurs during autumn leaf senescence before leaves are shed. Although both processes make forests appear browner from space, they have very different biological consequences.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Irreversible damage <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsl.ch\/en\/news\/when-brown-leaves-dont-mean-autumn\/#c1065125\"><\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is a problem, argues a research team from the WSL in a commentary published in <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-026-02682-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Nature Climate Change<\/em><\/a>. Unlike natural autumn senescence, stress-induced leaf scorching can reflect irreversible damage to the trees and cause trees to lose valuable nutrients before they can be retrieved from the leaves. If this happens repeatedly, trees may become less able to recover from extreme weather events, weakening forest health and reducing their ability to grow and absorb CO\u2082. \u201cIf these two processes are confused, models of leaf senescence may become less reliable and the resilience of forests to climate extremes could be overestimated\u201d, warn Maxwell Bergstr\u00f6m&nbsp;and Zhaofei Wu, the co-lead authors of the commentary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cLeaf damage caused by heat and drought is expected to become increasingly common as the climate warms,\u201d emphasizes project manager Yann Vitasse of the WSL, who studies seasonal processes in trees. \u201cHeatwaves and drought form an explosive combination for forests; it is a truly alarming trend.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What should be done? The authors suggest controlled experiments which allow to determine the physiological thresholds separating adaptive leaf senescence from irreversible leaf damage. \u201cSuch knowledge could improve remote sensing of forest health and predictions of future ecosystem responses to climate change\u201d, say the authors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bergstr\u00f6m, M., Wu, Z., Grossiord, C. et al.\u00a0Distinguishing leaf scorching from senescence under climate extremes. Nat. Clim. Chang. (2026).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-026-02682-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-026-02682-1<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelle<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsl.ch\/en\/news\/when-brown-leaves-dont-mean-autumn\/\">Eidgen\u00f6ssische Forschungsanstalt f\u00fcr Wald, Schnee und Landschaft WSL 2026<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-flex-start shariff-widget-align-flex-start\"><div class=\"ShariffHeadline\">Diese Meldung teilen<\/div><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-round orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button facebook shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#4273c8;border-radius:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sonnenseite.com%2Fen%2Fenvironment%2Fwhen-brown-leaves-dont-mean-autumn%2F\" title=\"Bei Facebook teilen\" aria-label=\"Bei Facebook teilen\" role=\"button\" rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\";border-radius:1%; 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