{"id":5209,"date":"2019-11-18T02:05:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-18T01:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/science\/last-arctic-ice-refuge-is-disappearing.html"},"modified":"2019-11-18T02:05:00","modified_gmt":"2019-11-18T01:05:00","slug":"last-arctic-ice-refuge-is-disappearing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/en\/science\/last-arctic-ice-refuge-is-disappearing\/","title":{"rendered":"Last Arctic ice refuge is disappearing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The oldest and thickest Arctic sea ice is disappearing twice as fast as ice in the rest of the Arctic Ocean, according to new research.<\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1029\/2019GL083722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new study<\/a> in AGU&rsquo;s journal <em>Geophysical Research Letters <\/em>finds  ice in the Arctic Ocean north of Greenland is more mobile than  previously thought, as ocean currents and atmospheric winds are likely  transporting the old, thick ice found there to other parts of the  Arctic. As a result, ice mass in the area &ndash; the last place researchers  think will lose its year-round ice cover &ndash; is declining twice as fast as  ice in the rest of the Arctic, according to the new findings.<\/p>\n<p>Climate models predict Arctic summers will soon be ice-free &ndash; perhaps <a href=\"https:\/\/news.agu.org\/press-release\/ice-free-arctic-summers-could-happen-on-earlier-side-of-predictions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">as early as 2030<\/a>  &ndash; meaning less than 1 million square kilometers (386,000 square miles)  of summer sea ice will blanket the Arctic Ocean. Arctic warming has  already created an environment which leads to younger sea ice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/J7x9leQqrkc\" height=\"360\" width=\"100%\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Most ice covering the Arctic is only one to four years old, according  to the National Snow and Ice Data Center. As thin, young ice melts in  future summers, only a 2,000-kilometer (1,240-mile) arc of ice will  remain, stretching from the western Canadian Arctic Archipelago to  Greenland&rsquo;s northern coast. In this slice of the Arctic, which experts  call the Last Ice Area, sea ice is more than five years old and can  measure more than four meters (13 feet) thick.<\/p>\n<p>The new research suggests the Last Ice Area is a dynamic place  encompassing two sub-regions where ice thickness fluctuates by 1.2  meters (4 feet) from year to year. Ice is becoming thinner in two  distinct subregions, which are losing 0.4 meters (1.3 feet) of ice  thickness per decade, amounting to a 1.5-meter (5 foot) loss of ice  since the late 1970s, according to the new study.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;We can&rsquo;t treat the Last Ice Area as a monolithic area of ice which  is going to last a long time,&rdquo; said Kent Moore, an atmospheric physicist  at the University of Toronto in Canada and lead author of the new  study. &ldquo;There&rsquo;s actually lots of regional variability.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>For wildlife who rely on sea ice for survival, the Last Ice Area  offers a sanctuary, and is the final place they can retreat to in a  warming world. Understanding how the Last Ice Area changes throughout  the year could help pinpoint which spots are best suited to provide a  refuge for wildlife who are dependent on sea ice, according to the  study&rsquo;s authors.<\/p>\n<p>Places with less ice movement, for example, may provide more suitable  conditions for a wildlife sanctuary, as the ice will remain longer. The  new study presents context for policymakers to consider when they  establish protected areas in the Arctic, Moore said.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;Eventually the Last Ice Area will be the region that will repopulate  the Arctic with wildlife,&rdquo; Moore said. &ldquo;If we lose all the ice, we lose  those species. This area will be a refuge where species can survive and  hopefully expand their regions once the ice starts returning.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p><strong>A dynamic zone<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Last Ice Area is home to the Arctic&rsquo;s oldest and thickest ice  because ocean currents and atmospheric winds carry patches of floating  ice in a circular pattern. These blocks of ice crash into each other and  pile up along the northern edges of Greenland and Canada. Researchers,  however, know little about how ice in this region moves and melts during  the year.<\/p>\n<p>This lack of knowledge prompted Moore and his colleagues to track  changes in the Last Ice Area. In the new study, the team modeled sea ice  cover, thickness and motion across the zone from 1979 to 2018. Their  model, based on satellite observations and atmospheric data, revealed  two regions with distinct seasonal and inter-annual fluctuations &ndash; one  to the east and one to the west.<\/p>\n<p><strong>graphic 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In both regions, sea ice was thinner and covered less area in the  summer and early fall than in the Arctic winter, though ice thickness in  the west tended to hit its minimum earlier in the season. Ice motion in  the eastern portion of the Last Ice Area appeared to be more stable.  Western ice &ndash; controlled by winds blowing clockwise &ndash; has begun moving  faster, which could be the result of thinning ice.<\/p>\n<p>According to Moore, the loss of ice in the Last Ice Area is likely  due to ice movement out of the region, particularly in the west. If sea  ice is thinner and moving faster, pieces at the margins will flow first  into the open ocean, followed by larger bits from the center, like a big  traffic jam.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;Historically, we thought of this place as an area that just receives  ice,&rdquo; said David Barber, an Arctic climatologist from the University of  Manitoba in Canada who was not involved in the new study. &ldquo;But these  results are teaching us that this is a dynamic area.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-images\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"481\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/KentMooreUniversityToronto_Last-Ice-Area.jpg\" class=\"alignleft\" alt=\"Kent Moore\/University of Toronto | Annual mean sea ice thickness (m) over the Arctic Ocean from 1979 &ndash; 2018. The black line surrounds the area where the ice thickness exceeds 3 m and can be considered as the region known as the Last Ice Area. The white lines surround the two areas where the ice thickness exceeds 4m.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/KentMooreUniversityToronto_Last-Ice-Area.jpg 481w, https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/KentMooreUniversityToronto_Last-Ice-Area-258x300.jpg 258w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\" \/><\/div>\n<h5 class=\"green\">Source<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/news.agu.org\/press-release\/last-arctic-ice-refuge-is-disappearing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2019<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-flex-start shariff-widget-align-flex-start\"><div class=\"ShariffHeadline\">Diese Meldung teilen<\/div><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-round orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button facebook shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#4273c8;border-radius:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sonnenseite.com%2Fen%2Fscience%2Flast-arctic-ice-refuge-is-disappearing%2F\" title=\"Bei Facebook teilen\" aria-label=\"Bei Facebook teilen\" role=\"button\" rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\";border-radius:1%; 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