{"id":61719,"date":"2020-08-17T08:24:03","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T06:24:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/?p=61719"},"modified":"2020-08-17T08:24:03","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T06:24:03","slug":"warming-greenland-ice-sheet-passes-point-of-no-return","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/en\/science\/warming-greenland-ice-sheet-passes-point-of-no-return\/","title":{"rendered":"Warming Greenland ice sheet passes point of no return"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Even if the climate cools, study finds, glaciers will continue to shrink<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nearly 40 years of satellite data from Greenland shows that glaciers on the island have shrunk so much that even if global warming were to stop today, the ice sheet would continue shrinking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The finding, published today, Aug. 13, in the journal Communications Earth and Environment<\/em>,<\/a> means that Greenland\u2019s glaciers have passed a tipping point of sorts, where the snowfall that replenishes the ice sheet each year cannot keep up with the ice that is flowing into the ocean from glaciers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe\u2019ve been looking at these remote sensing observations to study how ice discharge and accumulation have varied,\u201d said Michalea King<\/a>, lead author of the study and a researcher at The Ohio State University\u2019s Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center.<\/a> \u201cAnd what we\u2019ve found is that the ice that\u2019s discharging into the ocean is far surpassing the snow that\u2019s accumulating on the surface of the ice sheet.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

King and other researchers analyzed monthly satellite data from more than 200 large glaciers draining into the ocean around Greenland. Their observations show how much ice breaks off into icebergs or melts from the glaciers into the ocean. They also show the amount of snowfall each year\u2014the way these glaciers get replenished.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The researchers found that, throughout the 1980s and 90s, snow gained through accumulation and ice melted or calved from glaciers were mostly in balance, keeping the ice sheet intact. Through those decades, the researchers found, the ice sheets generally lost about 450 gigatons (about 450 billion tons) of ice each year from flowing outlet glaciers, which was replaced with snowfall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe are measuring the pulse of the ice sheet\u2014how much ice glaciers drain at the edges of the ice sheet\u2014which increases in the summer. And what we see is that it was relatively steady until a big increase in ice discharging to the ocean during a short five- to six-year period,\u201d King said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"osu-edu
osu-edu | loss-greenland ice gigatonnes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The researchers\u2019 analysis found that the baseline of that pulse\u2014the amount of ice being lost each year\u2014started increasing steadily around 2000, so that the glaciers were losing about 500 gigatons each year. Snowfall did not increase at the same time, and over the last decade, the rate of ice loss from glaciers has stayed about the same\u2014meaning the ice sheet has been losing ice more rapidly than it\u2019s being replenished.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGlaciers have been sensitive to seasonal melt for as long as we\u2019ve been able to observe it, with spikes in ice discharge in the summer,\u201d she said. \u201cBut starting in 2000, you start superimposing that seasonal melt on a higher baseline\u2014so you\u2019re going to get even more losses.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Before 2000, the ice sheet would have about the same chance to gain or lose mass each year. In the current climate, the ice sheet will gain mass in only one out of every 100 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

King said that large glaciers across Greenland have retreated about 3 kilometers on average since 1985\u2014\u201cthat\u2019s a lot of distance,\u201d she said. The glaciers have shrunk back enough that many of them are sitting in deeper water, meaning more ice is in contact with water. Warm ocean water melts glacier ice, and also makes it difficult for the glaciers to grow back to their previous positions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That means that even if humans were somehow miraculously able to stop climate change in its tracks, ice lost from glaciers draining ice to the ocean would likely still exceed ice gained from snow accumulation, and the ice sheet would continue to shrink for some time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGlacier retreat has knocked the dynamics of the whole ice sheet into a constant state of loss,\u201d said Ian Howat<\/a>, a co-author on the paper, professor of earth sciences and distinguished university scholar at Ohio State. \u201cEven if the climate were to stay the same or even get a little colder, the ice sheet would still be losing mass.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shrinking glaciers in Greenland are a problem for the entire planet. The ice that melts or breaks off from Greenland\u2019s ice sheets ends up in the Atlantic Ocean\u2014and, eventually, all of the world\u2019s oceans. Ice from Greenland is a leading contributor to sea level rise\u2014last year, enough ice melted or broke off from the Greenland ice sheet to cause the oceans to rise by 2.2 millimeters in just two months.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The new findings are bleak, but King said there are silver linings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s always a positive thing to learn more about glacier environments, because we can only improve our predictions for how rapidly things will change in the future,\u201d she said. \u201cAnd that can only help us with adaptation and mitigation strategies. The more we know, the better we can prepare.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This work was supported by grants from NASA. Other Ohio State researchers who worked on this study are Salvatore Candela, Myoung Noh and Adelaide Negrete.<\/p>\n\n\n

Source<\/h5>\r\n\n\n\n

OHIO STATE News | Laura Arenschield 2020<\/a><\/p>\n

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