{"id":65265,"date":"2020-11-21T02:23:00","date_gmt":"2020-11-21T01:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/?p=65265"},"modified":"2020-11-20T13:24:16","modified_gmt":"2020-11-20T12:24:16","slug":"new-study-reveals-consequences-of-decades-of-global-nutrition-transition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/en\/science\/new-study-reveals-consequences-of-decades-of-global-nutrition-transition\/","title":{"rendered":"New study reveals consequences of decades of global nutrition transition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Just a handful of rice and beans \u2013 a part of our world is starved. Hawaiian Pizza and ice-cream \u2013 another part of our world is stuffed, throwing away food every day. This gap is likely to worsen, while food waste will increase and pressure on the environment will go up, a new study shows. Researchers from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) assessed the consequences if the current nutrition transition, from scarce starch-based diets towards processed foods and animal products, continues \u2013 the calculations combine, for the first time, estimates for under- and overweight, food composition and waste. Their findings provide a startling look ahead: By 2050, more than 4 billion people could be overweight, 1.5 billion of them obese, while 500 million people continue to be underweight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cIf the observed nutrition transition continues, we will not achieve the United Nations goal of eradicating hunger worldwide,” explains Benjamin Bodirsky from PIK, lead author of the study just published in Scientific Reports<\/em>. \u201cAt the same time, our future will be characterized by overweight and obesity of mind-blowing magnitude.\u201d By 2050, 45 percent of the world’s population could be overweight and 16 percent obese – compared to about 29 and 9 percent in 2010. This development is due to the insufficient global distribution of food as well as to the shift from scarcely processed plant\u2010based diets towards unbalanced, affluent diets, where animal protein, sugar and fat displace whole grains and pulses.

And that\u2019s not all as Bodirsky underlines: “The increasing waste of food and the rising consumption of animal protein mean that the environmental impact of our agricultural system will spiral out of control. Whether greenhouse gases, nitrogen pollution or deforestation: we are pushing the limits of our planet – and exceed them.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Food systems as driver for greenhouse gas emissions<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Crop and grazing land for food production cover about one third of the global land area; our food system is responsible for up to a third of global greenhouse gas emissions. The study projects that \u2013 if current trends continue \u2013 global food demand will increase by about 50% between 2010 and 2050, the demand for animal products like meat and milk will approximately double, a development that requires more and more land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cUsing the same area of land, we could produce much more plant-based food for humans than animal-based food,\u201d explains co-author Alexander Popp, head of PIK\u2019s Land Use Management Research Group. \u201cTo put it in a very simplistic way: If more people eat more meat, there\u2019s less plant-based food for the others \u2013 plus we need more land for food production which can lead to forests being cut down. And greenhouse gas emissions rise as a consequence of keeping more animals.\u201d
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Global food demand: distribution and education are at the heart of the problem
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The study provides a first-of-its kind, consistent long-term overview of a continued global nutrition transition from 1965 to 2100, using an open-source model that forecasts how much of food demand can be attributed to factors like population growth, ageing, increasing height, growing body mass index, declining physical activity and increasing food waste. Co-author Prajal Pradhan from PIK explains: \u201cThere is enough food in the world \u2013 the problem is that the poorest people on our planet have simply not the income to purchase it. And in rich countries, people don\u2019t feel the economic and environmental consequences of wasting food.\u201d But redistribution alone would not be sufficient, as actually both the poor and the rich eat poorly: There is a lack of knowledge about a healthy way of life and nutrition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How to trigger an appetite for change?<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u201cUnhealthy diets are the world\u2019s largest health risks,\u201d co-author Sabine Gabrysch, head of PIK\u00b4s Research Department on Climate Resilience explains. \u201cWhile many countries in Asia and Africa currently still struggle with undernutrition and associated health problems, they are increasingly also faced with overweight, and as a consequence, with a rising burden of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer,\u201d she adds. The study could provide valuable orientation about the potential development pathway of different countries and regions. It could also support much-needed pro-active policies for a qualitative transition towards sustainable and healthy diets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sabine Gabrysch concludes: \u201cWe urgently need political measures to create an environment that promotes healthy eating habits. This could include binding regulations that limit the marketing of unhealthy snacks and promote sustainable and healthy meals in schools, hospitals and canteens. A stronger focus on nutrition education is also key, from early education in kindergarten to counseling by medical doctors and nurses. What we eat is of vital importance \u2013 both for our own health and that of our planet.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n