This project is co-led by Jingjing Liang<\/a>, a professor of quantitative forest ecology in Purdue\u2019s Department of Forestry and Natural Resources<\/a>, and Peter B. Reich, a professor of forest ecology at both the University of Minnesota and the University of Michigan. A YouTube video is available online<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cTree species diversity is the key to maintaining healthy, productive forests, and it is important to the economy and environment,\u201d said Liang, who is the founder of the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative<\/a> (GFBI), and part of the Purdue\u2019s Next Moves\u2019 digital forestry<\/a> initiative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reich, the co-corresponding author of the paper, said, \u201cThese results highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes, particularly land use and climate, because the survival of rare taxa is disproportionately threatened by these pressures.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n The researchers estimate that one-third of the undiscovered species are rare with small numbers of trees and likely exist in tropical or subtropical areas like the Amazon Rain Forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cFor instance, South America contains roughly 43% of the planet\u2019s tree species and the highest number of rare species,\u201d Liang said. \u201cIt is very possible we could lose undiscovered tree species to extinction before we even find them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bryan Pijanowski<\/a>, professor of landscape and soundscape ecology in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, who participated in the project, said the analysis is a critical step for environmental protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cAs scientists assess how global biodiversity is changing, we need to know how many species currently exist and where global hot spots are for us to begin to reverse the disturbing trends that we are now witnessing on planet Earth,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The global initiative GFBI has steadily grown over the past five years, and its efforts to understand the world\u2019s tree population are bearing fruit. The global tree species estimate follows development of the first global map of tree symbioses<\/a>, published in the journal Nature, and discovery that forest biodiversity benefits the economy by more than five times the cost of conservation<\/a> efforts, published in the journal Science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cWe combined individual datasets into one massive global dataset of tree-level data,\u201d Liang said. \u201cEach set comes from someone going out to a forest stand and measuring every single tree \u2014 collecting information about the tree species, sizes and other characteristics. Counting the number of tree species worldwide is like a puzzle with pieces spreading all over the world. We solved it together as a team, each sharing our own piece.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Liang originated the idea for the initiative while he was a junior faculty member in Alaska working on forest growth models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cI literally found a rich forest inventory dataset in someone\u2019s drawer,\u201d he said. \u201cI realized people would want that information, but it had never been published. Scientists would share their data on a project or request basis, but there was no central repository for the valuable data people were collecting.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cIt sparked a personal mission, and I began collecting more datasets. Over the next few years it evolved, with the help of many others, into this global, grassroots effort.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n The global dataset is the largest known to date, Liang said. It currently includes more than 38 million trees, spanning 90 countries and 100 territories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cThrough this vast amount of data, we have a good picture of tree species diversity for different biomes and at the continental level, which is what we used to make this estimate\u201d said Liang, who also is co-director of Purdue\u2019s Lab of Forest Advanced Computing and Artificial Intelligence<\/a> (FACAI). \u201cOur database includes 64,100 confirmed tree species. Our estimate of the total global number of tree species fits with existing scientific knowledge and is in line with numbers theorized in earlier studies.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n To improve the accuracy of their estimate, the team members also used in their analyses an independent occurrence-based sample data of more than 6 million trees across all continents. Because the overall dataset was so large, the team used Purdue\u2019s high-performance computing facilities to assess the data, Liang said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cIt is difficult to manage or conserve resources without a good understanding of what exists,\u201d said Douglass F. Jacobs<\/a>, Purdue\u2019s Fred M van Eck Professor of Forest Biology and associate head of Extension, who was part of the project team. \u201cThe GFBI has allowed us to leap forward in developing more accurate estimates through unparalleled collaborative global data sets and advanced computing technologies.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n FACAI Lab postdoctoral research associate Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, who is now an associate professor at the University of Bologna (Italy), was a team member and first author of the paper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cExtensive knowledge of tree richness and diversity is key to preserving the stability and functionality of ecosystems,\u201d Gatti said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.sonnenseite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/purdue_edu_Baumarten.jpg\")
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